/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 *
 */

#include <xen/cpu.h>
#include <xen/elf.h>
#include <xen/err.h>
#include <xen/guest_access.h>
#include <xen/keyhandler.h>
#include <xen/lib.h>
#include <xen/list.h>
#include <xen/mm.h>
#include <xen/sched.h>
#include <xen/smp.h>
#include <xen/softirq.h>
#include <xen/spinlock.h>
#include <xen/string.h>
#include <xen/symbols.h>
#include <xen/tasklet.h>
#include <xen/version.h>
#include <xen/virtual_region.h>
#include <xen/vmap.h>
#include <xen/wait.h>
#include <xen/livepatch_elf.h>
#include <xen/livepatch.h>
#include <xen/livepatch_payload.h>

#include <asm/alternative.h>
#include <asm/event.h>

#define is_hook_enabled(hook) ({ (hook) && *(hook); })

/*
 * Protects against payload_list operations and also allows only one
 * caller in schedule_work.
 */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(payload_lock);
/*
 * Need RCU in case we crash (and then traps code would iterate via
 * payload_list) when adding entries on the list.
 */
static DEFINE_RCU_READ_LOCK(rcu_payload_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(payload_list);

/* Patches which have been applied. Only modified from stop machine context. */
static LIST_HEAD(applied_list);

static unsigned int payload_cnt;
static unsigned int payload_version = 1;

/* Defines an outstanding patching action. */
struct livepatch_work
{
    atomic_t semaphore;          /* Used to rendezvous CPUs in
                                    check_for_livepatch_work. */
    uint32_t timeout;            /* Timeout to do the operation. */
    struct payload *data;        /* The payload on which to act. */
    volatile bool do_work;       /* Signals work to do. */
    volatile bool ready;         /* Signals all CPUs synchronized. */
    unsigned int cmd;            /* Action request: LIVEPATCH_ACTION_* */
};

/* There can be only one outstanding patching action. */
static struct livepatch_work livepatch_work;

/*
 * Indicate whether the CPU needs to consult livepatch_work structure.
 * We want an per-cpu data structure otherwise the check_for_livepatch_work
 * would hammer a global livepatch_work structure on every guest VMEXIT.
 * Having an per-cpu lessens the load.
 */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, work_to_do);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tasklet, livepatch_tasklet);

static int get_name(const struct xen_livepatch_name *name, char *n)
{
    if ( !name->size || name->size > XEN_LIVEPATCH_NAME_SIZE )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( name->pad[0] || name->pad[1] || name->pad[2] )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( copy_from_guest(n, name->name, name->size) )
        return -EFAULT;

    if ( n[name->size - 1] )
        return -EINVAL;

    return 0;
}

static int verify_payload(const struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_upload *upload, char *n)
{
    if ( get_name(&upload->name, n) )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( !upload->size )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( upload->size > LIVEPATCH_MAX_SIZE )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( !guest_handle_okay(upload->payload, upload->size) )
        return -EFAULT;

    return 0;
}

bool is_patch(const void *addr)
{
    const struct payload *data;
    bool r = false;

    rcu_read_lock(&rcu_payload_lock);
    list_for_each_entry_rcu ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        if ( (addr >= data->rw_addr &&
              addr < (data->rw_addr + data->rw_size)) ||
             (addr >= data->ro_addr &&
              addr < (data->ro_addr + data->ro_size)) ||
             (addr >= data->text_addr &&
              addr < (data->text_addr + data->text_size)) )
        {
            r = 1;
            break;
        }

    }
    rcu_read_unlock(&rcu_payload_lock);

    return r;
}

unsigned long livepatch_symbols_lookup_by_name(const char *symname)
{
    const struct payload *data;

    ASSERT(spin_is_locked(&payload_lock));
    list_for_each_entry ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        unsigned int i;

        for ( i = 0; i < data->nsyms; i++ )
        {
            if ( !data->symtab[i].new_symbol )
                continue;

            if ( !strcmp(data->symtab[i].name, symname) )
                return data->symtab[i].value;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static const char *cf_check livepatch_symbols_lookup(
    unsigned long addr, unsigned long *symbolsize, unsigned long *offset,
    char *namebuf)
{
    const struct payload *data;
    unsigned int i, best;
    const void *va = (const void *)addr;
    const char *n = NULL;

    rcu_read_lock(&rcu_payload_lock);
    list_for_each_entry_rcu ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        if ( va < data->text_addr ||
             va >= (data->text_addr + data->text_size) )
            continue;

        best = UINT_MAX;

        for ( i = 0; i < data->nsyms; i++ )
        {
            if ( data->symtab[i].value <= addr &&
                 (best == UINT_MAX ||
                  data->symtab[best].value < data->symtab[i].value) )
                best = i;
        }

        if ( best == UINT_MAX )
            break;

        if ( symbolsize )
            *symbolsize = data->symtab[best].size;
        if ( offset )
            *offset = addr - data->symtab[best].value;
        if ( namebuf )
            strlcpy(namebuf, data->name, KSYM_NAME_LEN);

        n = data->symtab[best].name;
        break;
    }
    rcu_read_unlock(&rcu_payload_lock);

    return n;
}

/* Lookup function's old address if not already resolved. */
static int resolve_old_address(struct livepatch_func *f,
                               const struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    if ( f->old_addr )
        return 0;

    f->old_addr = (void *)symbols_lookup_by_name(f->name);
    if ( !f->old_addr )
    {
        f->old_addr = (void *)livepatch_symbols_lookup_by_name(f->name);
        if ( !f->old_addr )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Could not resolve old address of %s\n",
                   elf->name, f->name);
            return -ENOENT;
        }
    }
    dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: Resolved old address %s => %p\n",
            elf->name, f->name, f->old_addr);

    return 0;
}

static struct payload *find_payload(const char *name)
{
    struct payload *data, *found = NULL;

    ASSERT(spin_is_locked(&payload_lock));
    list_for_each_entry ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        if ( !strcmp(data->name, name) )
        {
            found = data;
            break;
        }
    }

    return found;
}

/*
 * Functions related to XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_UPLOAD (see livepatch_upload), and
 * freeing payload (XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_ACTION:LIVEPATCH_ACTION_UNLOAD).
 */

static void free_payload_data(struct payload *payload)
{
    /* Set to zero until "move_payload". */
    if ( !payload->pages )
        return;

    vfree((void *)payload->text_addr);

    payload->pages = 0;

    /* fstate gets allocated strictly after move_payload. */
    XFREE(payload->fstate);
}

/*
* calc_section computes the size (taking into account section alignment).
*
* Furthermore the offset is set with the offset from the start of the virtual
* address space for the payload (using passed in size). This is used in
* move_payload to figure out the destination location (load_addr).
*/
static void calc_section(const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec, size_t *size,
                         unsigned int *offset)
{
    const Elf_Shdr *s = sec->sec;
    size_t align_size;

    align_size = ROUNDUP(*size, s->sh_addralign);
    *offset = align_size;
    *size = s->sh_size + align_size;
}

static int move_payload(struct payload *payload, struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    void *text_buf, *ro_buf, *rw_buf;
    unsigned int i, rw_buf_sec, rw_buf_cnt = 0;
    size_t size = 0;
    unsigned int *offset;
    int rc = 0;

    offset = xmalloc_array(unsigned int, elf->hdr->e_shnum);
    if ( !offset )
        return -ENOMEM;

    /* Compute size of different regions. */
    for ( i = 1; i < elf->hdr->e_shnum; i++ )
    {
        /*
         * Do nothing. These are .rel.text, rel.*, .symtab, .strtab,
         * and .shstrtab. For the non-relocate we allocate and copy these
         * via other means - and the .rel we can ignore as we only use it
         * once during loading.
         */
        if ( livepatch_elf_ignore_section(elf->sec[i].sec) )
            offset[i] = UINT_MAX;
        else if ( (elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                   !(elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE) )
            calc_section(&elf->sec[i], &payload->text_size, &offset[i]);
        else if ( !(elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                  (elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE) )
            calc_section(&elf->sec[i], &payload->rw_size, &offset[i]);
        else if ( !(elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) &&
                  !(elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE) )
            calc_section(&elf->sec[i], &payload->ro_size, &offset[i]);
        else
        {
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: Not supporting %s section!\n",
                    elf->name, elf->sec[i].name);
            rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
            goto out;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Total of all three regions - RX, RW, and RO. We have to have
     * keep them in separate pages so we PAGE_ALIGN the RX and RW to have
     * them on separate pages. The last one will by default fall on its
     * own page.
     */
    size = PAGE_ALIGN(payload->text_size) + PAGE_ALIGN(payload->rw_size) +
                      payload->ro_size;

    size = PFN_UP(size); /* Nr of pages. */
    text_buf = vmalloc_xen(size * PAGE_SIZE);
    if ( !text_buf )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Could not allocate memory for payload\n",
               elf->name);
        rc = -ENOMEM;
        goto out;
    }
    rw_buf = text_buf + PAGE_ALIGN(payload->text_size);
    ro_buf = rw_buf + PAGE_ALIGN(payload->rw_size);

    payload->pages = size;
    payload->text_addr = text_buf;
    payload->rw_addr = rw_buf;
    payload->ro_addr = ro_buf;

    for ( i = 1; i < elf->hdr->e_shnum; i++ )
    {
        if ( !livepatch_elf_ignore_section(elf->sec[i].sec) )
        {
            void *buf;

            if ( elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR )
                buf = text_buf;
            else if ( elf->sec[i].sec->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE )
            {
                buf = rw_buf;
                if ( elf->sec[i].sec->sh_size )
                {
                    /*
                     * Special handling of RW empty regions: do not account for
                     * them in order to decide whether a patch can safely be
                     * re-applied, but assign them a load address so symbol
                     * resolution and relocations work.
                     */
                    rw_buf_sec = i;
                    rw_buf_cnt++;
                }
            }
            else
                buf = ro_buf;

            ASSERT(offset[i] != UINT_MAX);

            buf += offset[i];

            /* Don't copy NOBITS - such as BSS. */
            if ( elf->sec[i].sec->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS )
            {
                memcpy(buf, elf->sec[i].addr,
                       elf->sec[i].sec->sh_size);
                dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: Loaded %s at %p\n",
                        elf->name, elf->sec[i].name, buf);
            }
            else
                memset(buf, 0, elf->sec[i].sec->sh_size);

            /* Update sec[] to refer to its final location. */
            elf->sec[i].addr = buf;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Only one RW section with non-zero size: .livepatch.funcs,
     * or only RO sections.
     */
    if ( !rw_buf_cnt || (rw_buf_cnt == 1 &&
         !strcmp(elf->sec[rw_buf_sec].name, ELF_LIVEPATCH_FUNC)) )
        payload->safe_to_reapply = true;
 out:
    xfree(offset);

    return rc;
}

static int secure_payload(struct payload *payload, struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    int rc = 0;
    unsigned int text_pages, rw_pages, ro_pages;

    text_pages = PFN_UP(payload->text_size);

    if ( text_pages )
    {
        rc = arch_livepatch_secure(payload->text_addr, text_pages, LIVEPATCH_VA_RX);
        if ( rc )
            return rc;
    }
    rw_pages = PFN_UP(payload->rw_size);
    if ( rw_pages )
    {
        rc = arch_livepatch_secure(payload->rw_addr, rw_pages, LIVEPATCH_VA_RW);
        if ( rc )
            return rc;
    }

    ro_pages = PFN_UP(payload->ro_size);
    if ( ro_pages )
        rc = arch_livepatch_secure(payload->ro_addr, ro_pages, LIVEPATCH_VA_RO);

    ASSERT(ro_pages + rw_pages + text_pages == payload->pages);

    return rc;
}

static bool section_ok(const struct livepatch_elf *elf,
                       const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec, size_t sz)
{
    if ( !elf || !sec )
        return false;

    if ( sec->sec->sh_size % sz )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Wrong size %"PRIuElfWord" of %s (must be multiple of %zu)\n",
               elf->name, sec->sec->sh_size, sec->name, sz);
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

/* Parses build-id sections into the given destination. */
static int parse_buildid(const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec,
                         struct livepatch_build_id *id)
{
    const Elf_Note *n;
    int rc;

    /* Presence of the sections is ensured by check_special_sections(). */
    ASSERT(sec);

    n = sec->addr;

    if ( sec->sec->sh_size <= sizeof(*n) )
        return -EINVAL;

    rc = xen_build_id_check(n, sec->sec->sh_size, &id->p, &id->len);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    if ( !id->len || !id->p )
        return -EINVAL;

   return 0;
}

static int check_xen_buildid(const struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    const void *id = xen_build_id;
    unsigned int len = xen_build_id_len;
    struct livepatch_build_id lp_id;
    const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec =
        livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ELF_LIVEPATCH_XEN_DEPENDS);
    int rc;

    if ( !sec )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: section %s is missing\n",
               elf->name, ELF_LIVEPATCH_XEN_DEPENDS);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    rc = parse_buildid(sec, &lp_id);
    if ( rc )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH
               "%s: failed to parse section %s as build-id: %d\n",
               elf->name, ELF_LIVEPATCH_XEN_DEPENDS, rc);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    if ( !len )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH
               "%s: unable to get running Xen build-id: %d\n",
               elf->name, rc);
        return -ENODATA;
    }

    if ( lp_id.len != len || memcmp(id, lp_id.p, len) )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: build-id mismatch:\n"
                                    "  livepatch: %*phN\n"
                                    "        xen: %*phN\n",
               elf->name, lp_id.len, lp_id.p, len, id);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int check_special_sections(const struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    unsigned int i;
    static const char *const names[] = { ELF_LIVEPATCH_DEPENDS,
                                         ELF_BUILD_ID_NOTE};

    for ( i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec;

        sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, names[i]);
        if ( !sec )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: %s is missing\n",
                   elf->name, names[i]);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        if ( !sec->sec->sh_size )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: %s is empty\n",
                   elf->name, names[i]);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static int check_patching_sections(const struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    unsigned int i;
    static const char *const names[] = { ELF_LIVEPATCH_FUNC,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_LOAD_HOOKS,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_UNLOAD_HOOKS,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_PREAPPLY_HOOK,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_APPLY_HOOK,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_POSTAPPLY_HOOK,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_PREREVERT_HOOK,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_REVERT_HOOK,
                                         ELF_LIVEPATCH_POSTREVERT_HOOK};
    bool found = false;

    /*
     * The patching sections are optional, but at least one
     * must be present. Otherwise, there is nothing to do.
     * All the existing sections must not be empty and must
     * be present at most once.
     */
    for ( i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec;

        sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, names[i]);
        if ( !sec )
        {
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: %s is missing\n",
                    elf->name, names[i]);
            continue; /* This section is optional */
        }

        if ( !sec->sec->sh_size )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: %s is empty\n",
                   elf->name, names[i]);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        found = true;
    }

    /* Checking if at least one section is present. */
    if ( !found )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Nothing to patch. Aborting...\n",
               elf->name);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

static inline int livepatch_verify_expectation_fn(const struct livepatch_func *func)
{
    const livepatch_expectation_t *exp = &func->expect;

    /* Ignore disabled expectations. */
    if ( !exp->enabled )
        return 0;

    /* There is nothing to expect */
    if ( !func->old_addr )
        return -EFAULT;

    if ( exp->len > sizeof(exp->data))
        return -EOVERFLOW;

    if ( exp->rsv )
        return -EINVAL;

    /* Incorrect expectation */
    if ( func->old_size < exp->len )
        return -ERANGE;

    if ( memcmp(func->old_addr, exp->data, exp->len) )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: expectation failed: expected:%*phN, actual:%*phN\n",
               func->name, exp->len, exp->data, exp->len, func->old_addr);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

static inline int livepatch_check_expectations(const struct payload *payload)
{
    int i, rc;

    printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Verifying enabled expectations for all functions\n",
           payload->name);

    for ( i = 0; i < payload->nfuncs; i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_func *func = &(payload->funcs[i]);

        rc = livepatch_verify_expectation_fn(func);
        if ( rc )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: expectations of %s failed (rc=%d), aborting!\n",
                   payload->name, func->name ?: "unknown", rc);
            return rc;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Lookup specified section and when exists assign its address to a specified hook.
 * Perform section pointer and size validation: single hook sections must contain a
 * single pointer only.
 */
#define LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, hook, section_name) do {                        \
    const struct livepatch_elf_sec *__sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, section_name); \
    if ( !__sec )                                                                         \
        break;                                                                            \
    if ( !section_ok(elf, __sec, sizeof(*(hook))) ||                                      \
         __sec->sec->sh_size != sizeof(*(hook)) )                                         \
        return -EINVAL;                                                                   \
    hook = __sec->addr;                                                                   \
} while (0)

/*
 * Lookup specified section and when exists assign its address to a specified hook.
 * Perform section pointer and size validation: multi hook sections must contain an
 * array whose size must be a multiple of the array's items size.
 */
#define LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_MULTI_HOOK(elf, hook, nhooks, section_name) do {                 \
    const struct livepatch_elf_sec *__sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, section_name); \
    if ( !__sec )                                                                         \
        break;                                                                            \
    if ( !section_ok(elf, __sec, sizeof(*(hook))) )                                       \
        return -EINVAL;                                                                   \
    hook = __sec->addr;                                                                   \
    nhooks = __sec->sec->sh_size / sizeof(*(hook));                                       \
} while (0)

static int prepare_payload(struct payload *payload,
                           struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    const struct livepatch_elf_sec *sec;
    const struct payload *data;
    unsigned int i;
    struct livepatch_func *funcs;
    struct livepatch_func *f;
    struct virtual_region *region;
    int rc;

    sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ELF_LIVEPATCH_FUNC);
    if ( sec )
    {
        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*payload->funcs)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        payload->funcs = funcs = sec->addr;
        payload->nfuncs = sec->sec->sh_size / sizeof(*payload->funcs);

        payload->fstate = xzalloc_array(typeof(*payload->fstate),
                                        payload->nfuncs);
        if ( !payload->fstate )
            return -ENOMEM;

        for ( i = 0; i < payload->nfuncs; i++ )
        {
            f = &(funcs[i]);

            if ( f->version != LIVEPATCH_PAYLOAD_VERSION )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Wrong version (%u). Expected %d\n",
                       elf->name, f->version, LIVEPATCH_PAYLOAD_VERSION);
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
            }

            /* 'old_addr', 'new_addr', 'new_size' can all be zero. */
            if ( !f->old_size )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Address or size fields are zero\n",
                       elf->name);
                return -EINVAL;
            }

            rc = resolve_old_address(f, elf);
            if ( rc )
                return rc;

            rc = arch_livepatch_verify_func(f);
            if ( rc )
                return rc;

            rc = livepatch_verify_distance(f);
            if ( rc )
                return rc;
        }
    }

    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_MULTI_HOOK(elf, payload->load_funcs, payload->n_load_funcs, ELF_LIVEPATCH_LOAD_HOOKS);
    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_MULTI_HOOK(elf, payload->unload_funcs, payload->n_unload_funcs, ELF_LIVEPATCH_UNLOAD_HOOKS);

    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.apply.pre, ELF_LIVEPATCH_PREAPPLY_HOOK);
    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.apply.action, ELF_LIVEPATCH_APPLY_HOOK);
    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.apply.post, ELF_LIVEPATCH_POSTAPPLY_HOOK);

    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.revert.pre, ELF_LIVEPATCH_PREREVERT_HOOK);
    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.revert.action, ELF_LIVEPATCH_REVERT_HOOK);
    LIVEPATCH_ASSIGN_SINGLE_HOOK(elf, payload->hooks.revert.post, ELF_LIVEPATCH_POSTREVERT_HOOK);

    rc = parse_buildid(livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ELF_BUILD_ID_NOTE),
                       &payload->id);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    /* Make sure it is not a duplicate. */
    list_for_each_entry ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        /* No way _this_ payload is on the list. */
        ASSERT(data != payload);
        if ( data->id.len == payload->id.len &&
             !memcmp(data->id.p, payload->id.p, data->id.len) )
        {
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: Already loaded as %s!\n",
                    elf->name, data->name);
            return -EEXIST;
        }
    }

    rc = parse_buildid(livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ELF_LIVEPATCH_DEPENDS),
                       &payload->dep);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    /* Setup the virtual region with proper data. */
    region = &payload->region;

    region->symbols_lookup = livepatch_symbols_lookup;
    region->text_start = payload->text_addr;
    region->text_end = payload->text_addr + payload->text_size;

    if ( payload->ro_size )
    {
        region->rodata_start = payload->ro_addr;
        region->rodata_end = payload->ro_addr + payload->ro_size;
    }

    /* Optional sections. */
    for ( i = 0; i < BUGFRAME_NR; i++ )
    {
        char str[14];

        snprintf(str, sizeof(str), ".bug_frames.%u", i);
        sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, str);
        if ( !sec )
            continue;

        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*region->frame[i].start)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        region->frame[i].start = sec->addr;
        region->frame[i].stop  = sec->addr + sec->sec->sh_size;
    }

    sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ".altinstructions");
    if ( sec )
    {
#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_ALTERNATIVE
        /*
         * (As of April 2023), Alternatives are formed of:
         * - An .altinstructions section with an array of struct alt_instr's.
         * - An .altinstr_replacement section containing instructions.
         *
         * An individual alt_instr contains:
         * - An orig reference, pointing into .text with a nonzero length
         * - A repl reference, pointing into .altinstr_replacement
         *
         * It is legal to have zero-length replacements, meaning it is legal
         * for the .altinstr_replacement section to be empty too.  An
         * implementation detail means that a zero-length replacement's repl
         * reference will still be in the .altinstr_replacement section.
         */
        const struct livepatch_elf_sec *repl_sec;
        struct alt_instr *a, *start, *end;

        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*a)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        /* Tolerate an empty .altinstructions section... */
        if ( sec->sec->sh_size == 0 )
            goto alt_done;

        /* ... but otherwise, there needs to be something to alter... */
        if ( payload->text_size == 0 )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s Alternatives provided, but no .text\n",
                   elf->name);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* ... and something to be altered to. */
        repl_sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ".altinstr_replacement");
        if ( !repl_sec )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s .altinstructions provided, but no .altinstr_replacement\n",
                   elf->name);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        start = sec->addr;
        end = sec->addr + sec->sec->sh_size;

        for ( a = start; a < end; a++ )
        {
            const void *orig = ALT_ORIG_PTR(a);
            const void *repl = ALT_REPL_PTR(a);

            /* orig must be fully within .text. */
            if ( orig               < payload->text_addr ||
                 a->orig_len        > payload->text_size ||
                 orig + a->orig_len > payload->text_addr + payload->text_size )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH
                       "%s Alternative orig %p+%#x outside payload text %p+%#zx\n",
                       elf->name, orig, a->orig_len,
                       payload->text_addr, payload->text_size);
                return -EINVAL;
            }

            /*
             * repl must be fully within .altinstr_replacement, even if the
             * replacement and the section happen to both have zero length.
             */
            if ( repl               < repl_sec->addr ||
                 a->repl_len        > repl_sec->sec->sh_size ||
                 repl + a->repl_len > repl_sec->addr + repl_sec->sec->sh_size )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH
                       "%s Alternative repl %p+%#x outside .altinstr_replacement %p+%#"PRIxElfWord"\n",
                       elf->name, repl, a->repl_len,
                       repl_sec->addr, repl_sec->sec->sh_size);
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }

        rc = apply_alternatives(start, end);
        if ( rc )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s applying alternatives failed: %d\n",
                   elf->name, rc);
            return rc;
        }

    alt_done:;
#else
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: We don't support alternative patching\n",
               elf->name);
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
#endif
    }

    sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ".alt_call_sites");
    if ( sec )
    {
#ifdef CONFIG_ALTERNATIVE_CALL
        const struct alt_call *a, *start, *end;

        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*a)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        /* Tolerate an empty .alt_call_sites section... */
        if ( sec->sec->sh_size == 0 )
            goto alt_call_done;

        /* ... but otherwise, there needs to be something to alter... */
        if ( payload->text_size == 0 )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s Alternative calls provided, but no .text\n",
                   elf->name);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        start = sec->addr;
        end = sec->addr + sec->sec->sh_size;

        for ( a = start; a < end; a++ )
        {
            const void *orig = ALT_CALL_PTR(a);
            size_t len = ALT_CALL_LEN(a);

            /* orig must be fully within .text. */
            if ( orig       < payload->text_addr ||
                 len        > payload->text_size ||
                 orig + len > payload->text_addr + payload->text_size )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH
                       "%s: Alternative call %p+%#zx outside payload text %p+%#zx\n",
                       elf->name, orig, len,
                       payload->text_addr, payload->text_size);
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }

        rc = livepatch_apply_alt_calls(start, end);
        if ( rc )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Applying alternative calls failed: %d\n",
                   elf->name, rc);
            return rc;
        }

    alt_call_done:;
#else /* CONFIG_ALTERNATIVE_CALL */
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Alternative calls not supported\n",
               elf->name);
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
#endif /* !CONFIG_ALTERNATIVE_CALL */
    }

    sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ".ex_table");
    if ( sec )
    {
#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_EX_TABLE
        struct exception_table_entry *s, *e;

        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*region->ex)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        s = sec->addr;
        e = sec->addr + sec->sec->sh_size;

        sort_exception_table(s ,e);

        region->ex = s;
        region->ex_end = e;
#else
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: We don't support .ex_table\n",
               elf->name);
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
#endif
    }

    sec = livepatch_elf_sec_by_name(elf, ".modinfo");
    if ( sec )
    {
        if ( !section_ok(elf, sec, sizeof(*payload->metadata.data)) )
            return -EINVAL;

        payload->metadata.data = sec->addr;
        payload->metadata.len = sec->sec->sh_size;

        /* The metadata is required to consists of null terminated strings. */
        if ( payload->metadata.data[payload->metadata.len - 1] != '\0' )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Incorrect metadata format detected\n", payload->name);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static bool is_payload_symbol(const struct livepatch_elf *elf,
                              const struct livepatch_elf_sym *sym)
{
    if ( sym->sym->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF ||
         sym->sym->st_shndx >= elf->hdr->e_shnum )
        return 0;

    /*
     * The payload is not a final image as we dynamically link against it.
     * As such the linker has left symbols we don't care about and which
     * binutils would have removed had it be a final image. Hence we:
     * - For SHF_ALLOC - ignore symbols referring to sections that are not
     *   loaded.
     */
    if ( !(elf->sec[sym->sym->st_shndx].sec->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) )
        return 0;

    /* - And ignore empty symbols (\0). */
    if ( *sym->name == '\0' )
        return 0;

    /*
     * - For SHF_MERGE - ignore local symbols referring to mergeable sections.
     *    (ld squashes them all in one section and discards the symbols) when
     *    those symbols start with '.L' (like .LCx). Those are intermediate
     *    artifacts of assembly.
     *
     * See elf_link_input_bfd and _bfd_elf_is_local_label_name in binutils.
     */
    if ( (elf->sec[sym->sym->st_shndx].sec->sh_flags & SHF_MERGE) &&
         !strncmp(sym->name, ".L", 2) )
        return 0;

    return arch_livepatch_symbol_ok(elf, sym);
}

static int build_symbol_table(struct payload *payload,
                              const struct livepatch_elf *elf)
{
    unsigned int i, j, nsyms = 0;
    size_t strtab_len = 0;
    struct livepatch_symbol *symtab;
    char *strtab;

    /* Recall that section @0 is always NULL. */
    for ( i = 1; i < elf->nsym; i++ )
    {
        if ( is_payload_symbol(elf, elf->sym + i) )
        {
            nsyms++;
            strtab_len += strlen(elf->sym[i].name) + 1;
        }
    }

    symtab = xzalloc_array(struct livepatch_symbol, nsyms);
    strtab = xzalloc_array(char, strtab_len);

    if ( !strtab || !symtab )
    {
        xfree(strtab);
        xfree(symtab);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }

    nsyms = 0;
    strtab_len = 0;
    for ( i = 1; i < elf->nsym; i++ )
    {
        if ( is_payload_symbol(elf, elf->sym + i) )
        {
            symtab[nsyms].name = strtab + strtab_len;
            symtab[nsyms].size = elf->sym[i].sym->st_size;
            symtab[nsyms].value = elf->sym[i].sym->st_value;
            symtab[nsyms].new_symbol = 0; /* May be overwritten below. */
            strtab_len += strlcpy(strtab + strtab_len, elf->sym[i].name,
                                  KSYM_NAME_LEN) + 1;
            nsyms++;
        }
    }

    for ( i = 0; i < nsyms; i++ )
    {
        bool found = 0;

        for ( j = 0; j < payload->nfuncs; j++ )
        {
            if ( symtab[i].value == (unsigned long)payload->funcs[j].new_addr )
            {
                found = 1;
                break;
            }
        }

        if ( !found )
        {
            if ( symbols_lookup_by_name(symtab[i].name) ||
                 livepatch_symbols_lookup_by_name(symtab[i].name) )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: duplicate new symbol: %s\n",
                       elf->name, symtab[i].name);
                xfree(symtab);
                xfree(strtab);
                return -EEXIST;
            }
            symtab[i].new_symbol = 1;
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: new symbol %s\n",
                     elf->name, symtab[i].name);
        }
        else
        {
            /* new_symbol is not set. */
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: overriding symbol %s\n",
                    elf->name, symtab[i].name);
        }
    }

    payload->symtab = symtab;
    payload->strtab = strtab;
    payload->nsyms = nsyms;

    return 0;
}

static void free_payload(struct payload *data)
{
    ASSERT(spin_is_locked(&payload_lock));
    unregister_virtual_region(&data->region);
    list_del_rcu(&data->list);
    rcu_barrier();
    payload_cnt--;
    payload_version++;
    free_payload_data(data);
    xfree((void *)data->symtab);
    xfree((void *)data->strtab);
    xfree(data);
}

static int load_payload_data(struct payload *payload, void *raw, size_t len)
{
    struct livepatch_elf elf = { .name = payload->name, .len = len };
    int rc = 0;

    rc = livepatch_elf_load(&elf, raw);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = check_xen_buildid(&elf);
    if ( rc )
       goto out;

    rc = move_payload(payload, &elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = livepatch_elf_resolve_symbols(&elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = livepatch_elf_perform_relocs(&elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = check_special_sections(&elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = check_patching_sections(&elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = prepare_payload(payload, &elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = build_symbol_table(payload, &elf);
    if ( rc )
        goto out;

    rc = secure_payload(payload, &elf);

 out:
    if ( rc )
        free_payload_data(payload);

    /* Free our temporary data structure. */
    livepatch_elf_free(&elf);

    return rc;
}

static int livepatch_upload(struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_upload *upload)
{
    struct payload *data, *found;
    char n[XEN_LIVEPATCH_NAME_SIZE];
    void *raw_data;
    int rc;

    rc = verify_payload(upload, n);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    data = xzalloc(struct payload);
    raw_data = vmalloc(upload->size);

    spin_lock(&payload_lock);

    found = find_payload(n);
    if ( IS_ERR(found) )
        rc = PTR_ERR(found);
    else if ( found )
        rc = -EEXIST;
    else if ( !data || !raw_data )
        rc = -ENOMEM;
    else if ( __copy_from_guest(raw_data, upload->payload, upload->size) )
        rc = -EFAULT;
    else
    {
        memcpy(data->name, n, strlen(n));

        rc = load_payload_data(data, raw_data, upload->size);
        if ( rc )
            goto out;

        data->state = LIVEPATCH_STATE_CHECKED;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&data->list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&data->applied_list);

        register_virtual_region(&data->region);
        list_add_tail_rcu(&data->list, &payload_list);
        payload_cnt++;
        payload_version++;
    }

 out:
    spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

    vfree(raw_data);

    if ( rc && data )
    {
        xfree((void *)data->symtab);
        xfree((void *)data->strtab);
        xfree(data);
    }

    return rc;
}

static int livepatch_get(struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_get *get)
{
    struct payload *data;
    int rc;
    char n[XEN_LIVEPATCH_NAME_SIZE];

    rc = get_name(&get->name, n);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    spin_lock(&payload_lock);

    data = find_payload(n);
    if ( IS_ERR_OR_NULL(data) )
    {
        spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

        if ( !data )
            return -ENOENT;

        return PTR_ERR(data);
    }

    get->status.state = data->state;
    get->status.rc = data->rc;

    spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

    return 0;
}

static int livepatch_list(struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_list *list)
{
    struct xen_livepatch_status status;
    struct payload *data;
    unsigned int idx = 0, i = 0;
    int rc = 0;

    if ( list->nr > 1024 )
        return -E2BIG;

    if ( list->pad )
        return -EINVAL;

    if ( list->nr &&
         (!guest_handle_okay(list->status, list->nr) ||
          !guest_handle_okay(list->len, list->nr) ||
          !guest_handle_okay(list->metadata_len, list->nr)) )
        return -EINVAL;

    spin_lock(&payload_lock);
    if ( list->idx >= payload_cnt && payload_cnt )
    {
        spin_unlock(&payload_lock);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    if ( list->nr )
    {
        size_t name_offset = 0, metadata_offset = 0;
        size_t name_total_copied = 0, metadata_total_copied = 0;

        list_for_each_entry( data, &payload_list, list )
        {
            uint32_t name_len, metadata_len;

            if ( list->idx > i++ )
                continue;

            status.state = data->state;
            status.rc = data->rc;

            name_len = strlen(data->name) + 1;
            metadata_len = data->metadata.len;

            if ( (name_total_copied + name_len) > list->name_total_size ||
                 (metadata_total_copied + metadata_len) >
                 list->metadata_total_size )
            {
                rc = -ENOBUFS;
                break;
            }

            if ( !guest_handle_subrange_okay(list->name, name_offset,
                                             name_offset + name_len - 1) ||
                 !guest_handle_subrange_okay(list->metadata, metadata_offset,
                                             metadata_offset + metadata_len - 1) )
            {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                break;
            }

            /* N.B. 'idx' != 'i'. */
            if ( __copy_to_guest_offset(list->name, name_offset,
                                        data->name, name_len) ||
                __copy_to_guest_offset(list->len, idx, &name_len, 1) ||
                __copy_to_guest_offset(list->status, idx, &status, 1) ||
                __copy_to_guest_offset(list->metadata, metadata_offset,
                                       data->metadata.data, metadata_len) ||
                __copy_to_guest_offset(list->metadata_len, idx, &metadata_len, 1) )
            {
                rc = -EFAULT;
                break;
            }

            name_total_copied += name_len;
            metadata_total_copied += metadata_len;

            idx++;
            name_offset += name_len;
            metadata_offset += metadata_len;

            if ( (idx >= list->nr) || hypercall_preempt_check() )
                break;
        }

        list->name_total_size = name_total_copied;
        list->metadata_total_size = metadata_total_copied;
    }
    else
    {
        list->name_total_size = 0;
        list->metadata_total_size = 0;

        list_for_each_entry( data, &payload_list, list )
        {
            list->name_total_size += strlen(data->name) + 1;
            list->metadata_total_size += data->metadata.len;
        }
    }
    list->nr = payload_cnt - i; /* Remaining amount. */
    list->version = payload_version;
    spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

    /* And how many we have processed. */
    return rc ? : idx;
}

/*
 * The following functions get the CPUs into an appropriate state and
 * apply (or revert) each of the payload's functions. This is needed
 * for XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_ACTION operation (see livepatch_action).
 */

static inline void livepatch_display_metadata(const struct livepatch_metadata *metadata)
{
    const char *str;

    if ( metadata && metadata->data && metadata->len > 0 )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "module metadata:\n");
        for ( str = metadata->data; str < (metadata->data + metadata->len); str += (strlen(str) + 1) )
            printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "  %s\n", str);
    }

}

static int apply_payload(struct payload *data)
{
    unsigned int i;
    int rc;

    rc = arch_livepatch_safety_check();
    if ( rc )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Safety checks failed: %d\n",
               data->name, rc);
        return rc;
    }

    printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Applying %u functions\n",
            data->name, data->nfuncs);

    rc = arch_livepatch_quiesce();
    if ( rc )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: unable to quiesce!\n", data->name);
        return rc;
    }

    /*
     * Since we are running with IRQs disabled and the hooks may call common
     * code - which expects certain spinlocks to run with IRQs enabled - we
     * temporarily disable the spin locks IRQ state checks.
     */
    spin_debug_disable();
    for ( i = 0; i < data->n_load_funcs; i++ )
        data->load_funcs[i]();
    spin_debug_enable();

    ASSERT(!local_irq_is_enabled());

    for ( i = 0; i < data->nfuncs; i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_func *func = &data->funcs[i];
        struct livepatch_fstate *state = &data->fstate[i];

        /* If the action has been already executed on this function, do nothing. */
        if ( state->applied == LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_WARNING LIVEPATCH
                   "%s: %s has been already applied before\n",
                   __func__, func->name);
            continue;
        }

        arch_livepatch_apply(func, state);
        state->applied = LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED;
    }

    arch_livepatch_revive();

    livepatch_display_metadata(&data->metadata);

    return 0;
}

static inline void apply_payload_tail(struct payload *data)
{
    list_add_tail(&data->applied_list, &applied_list);

    data->state = LIVEPATCH_STATE_APPLIED;
}

int revert_payload(struct payload *data)
{
    unsigned int i;
    int rc;

    printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Reverting\n", data->name);

    rc = arch_livepatch_quiesce();
    if ( rc )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: unable to quiesce!\n", data->name);
        return rc;
    }

    for ( i = 0; i < data->nfuncs; i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_func *func = &data->funcs[i];
        struct livepatch_fstate *state = &data->fstate[i];

        /*
         * If the apply action hasn't been executed on this function, do
         * nothing.
         */
        if ( !func->old_addr || state->applied == LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_WARNING LIVEPATCH
                   "%s: %s has not been applied before\n",
                   __func__, func->name);
            continue;
        }

        arch_livepatch_revert(func, state);
        state->applied = LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED;
    }

    /*
     * Since we are running with IRQs disabled and the hooks may call common
     * code - which expects certain spinlocks to run with IRQs enabled - we
     * temporarily disable the spin locks IRQ state checks.
     */
    spin_debug_disable();
    for ( i = 0; i < data->n_unload_funcs; i++ )
        data->unload_funcs[i]();
    spin_debug_enable();

    ASSERT(!local_irq_is_enabled());

    arch_livepatch_revive();
    return 0;
}

void revert_payload_tail(struct payload *data)
{
    list_del(&data->applied_list);

    data->reverted = true;
    data->state = LIVEPATCH_STATE_CHECKED;
}

/*
 * Check if an action has applied the same state to all payload's functions consistently.
 */
static inline bool was_action_consistent(const struct payload *data, livepatch_func_state_t expected_state)
{
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < data->nfuncs; i++ )
    {
        const struct livepatch_func *f = &(data->funcs[i]);
        const struct livepatch_fstate *s = &(data->fstate[i]);

        if ( s->applied != expected_state )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Payload has a function: '%s' with inconsistent applied state.\n",
                   data->name, f->name ?: "noname");

            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

/*
 * This function is executed having all other CPUs with no deep stack (when
 * idle) and IRQs disabled.
 */
static void livepatch_do_action(void)
{
    int rc;
    struct payload *data, *other, *tmp;

    data = livepatch_work.data;
    /*
     * This function and the transition from asm to C code should be the only
     * one on any stack. No need to lock the payload list or applied list.
     */
    switch ( livepatch_work.cmd )
    {
    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_APPLY:
        if ( is_hook_enabled(data->hooks.apply.action) )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling apply action hook function\n", data->name);

            rc = (*data->hooks.apply.action)(data);
        }
        else
            rc = apply_payload(data);

        if ( !was_action_consistent(data, rc ? LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED : LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED) )
            panic("livepatch: partially applied payload '%s'!\n", data->name);

        if ( rc == 0 )
            apply_payload_tail(data);
        break;

    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REVERT:
        if ( is_hook_enabled(data->hooks.revert.action) )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling revert action hook function\n", data->name);

            rc = (*data->hooks.revert.action)(data);
        }
        else
            rc = revert_payload(data);

        if ( !was_action_consistent(data, rc ? LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED : LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED) )
            panic("livepatch: partially reverted payload '%s'!\n", data->name);

        if ( rc == 0 )
            revert_payload_tail(data);
        break;

    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REPLACE:
        rc = 0;
        /*
         * N.B: Use 'applied_list' member, not 'list'. We also abuse the
         * the 'normal' list iterator as the list is an RCU one.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse ( other, tmp, &applied_list, applied_list )
        {
            if ( is_hook_enabled(other->hooks.revert.action) )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling revert action hook function\n", other->name);

                other->rc = (*other->hooks.revert.action)(other);
            }
            else
                other->rc = revert_payload(other);

            if ( !was_action_consistent(other, other->rc
                                        ? LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED
                                        : LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED) )
                panic("livepatch: partially reverted payload '%s'!\n", other->name);

            if ( other->rc == 0 )
                revert_payload_tail(other);
            else
            {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                break;
            }
        }

        if ( rc == 0 )
        {
            /*
             * Make sure all expectation requirements are met.
             * Beware all the payloads are reverted at this point.
             * If expectations are not met the system is left in a
             * completely UNPATCHED state!
             */
            rc = livepatch_check_expectations(data);
            if ( rc )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: SYSTEM MIGHT BE INSECURE: "
                       "Replace action has been aborted after reverting ALL payloads!\n", data->name);
                break;
            }

            if ( is_hook_enabled(data->hooks.apply.action) )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling apply action hook function\n", data->name);

                rc = (*data->hooks.apply.action)(data);
            }
            else
                rc = apply_payload(data);

            if ( !was_action_consistent(data, rc ? LIVEPATCH_FUNC_NOT_APPLIED : LIVEPATCH_FUNC_APPLIED) )
                panic("livepatch: partially applied payload '%s'!\n", data->name);

            if ( rc == 0 )
                apply_payload_tail(data);
        }
        break;

    default:
        rc = -EINVAL; /* Make GCC5 happy. */
        ASSERT_UNREACHABLE();
        break;
    }

    /* We must set rc as livepatch_action sets it to -EAGAIN when kicking of. */
    data->rc = rc;
}

static bool is_work_scheduled(const struct payload *data)
{
    ASSERT(spin_is_locked(&payload_lock));

    return livepatch_work.do_work && livepatch_work.data == data;
}

/*
 * Check if payload has any of the vetoing, non-atomic hooks assigned.
 * A vetoing, non-atomic hook may perform an operation that changes the
 * hypervisor state and may not be guaranteed to succeed. Result of
 * such operation may be returned and may change the livepatch workflow.
 * Such hooks may require additional cleanup actions performed by other
 * hooks. Thus they are not suitable for replace action.
 */
static inline bool has_payload_any_vetoing_hooks(const struct payload *payload)
{
    return is_hook_enabled(payload->hooks.apply.pre) ||
           is_hook_enabled(payload->hooks.apply.post) ||
           is_hook_enabled(payload->hooks.revert.pre) ||
           is_hook_enabled(payload->hooks.revert.post);
}

/*
 * Checks if any of the already applied livepatches has any vetoing,
 * non-atomic hooks assigned.
 */
static inline bool livepatch_applied_have_vetoing_hooks(void)
{
    struct payload *p;

    list_for_each_entry ( p, &applied_list, applied_list )
    {
        if ( has_payload_any_vetoing_hooks(p) )
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

static int schedule_work(struct payload *data, uint32_t cmd, uint32_t timeout)
{
    ASSERT(spin_is_locked(&payload_lock));

    /* Fail if an operation is already scheduled. */
    if ( livepatch_work.do_work )
        return -EBUSY;

    if ( !get_cpu_maps() )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: unable to get cpu_maps lock!\n",
               data->name);
        return -EBUSY;
    }

    livepatch_work.cmd = cmd;
    livepatch_work.data = data;
    livepatch_work.timeout = timeout ?: MILLISECS(30);

    dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: timeout is %"PRIu32"ns\n",
            data->name, livepatch_work.timeout);

    atomic_set(&livepatch_work.semaphore, -1);

    livepatch_work.ready = 0;

    smp_wmb();

    livepatch_work.do_work = 1;
    tasklet_schedule_on_cpu(&this_cpu(livepatch_tasklet), smp_processor_id());

    put_cpu_maps();

    return 0;
}

static void cf_check tasklet_fn(void *unused)
{
    this_cpu(work_to_do) = 1;
}

static int livepatch_spin(atomic_t *counter, s_time_t timeout,
                          unsigned int cpus, const char *s)
{
    int rc = 0;

    while ( atomic_read(counter) != cpus && NOW() < timeout )
        cpu_relax();

    /* Log & abort. */
    if ( atomic_read(counter) != cpus )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: Timed out on semaphore in %s quiesce phase %u/%u\n",
               livepatch_work.data->name, s, atomic_read(counter), cpus);
        rc = -EBUSY;
        livepatch_work.data->rc = rc;
        smp_wmb();
        livepatch_work.do_work = 0;
    }

    return rc;
}

/*
 * The main function which manages the work of quiescing the system and
 * patching code.
 */
static void noinline do_livepatch_work(void)
{
#define ACTION(x) [LIVEPATCH_ACTION_##x] = #x
    static const char *const names[] = {
            ACTION(APPLY),
            ACTION(REVERT),
            ACTION(REPLACE),
    };
#undef ACTION
    unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
    s_time_t timeout;
    unsigned long flags;

    /* Only do any work when invoked in truly idle state. */
    if ( system_state != SYS_STATE_active ||
         !is_idle_domain(current->sched_unit->domain) )
        return;

    smp_rmb();
    /* In case we aborted, other CPUs can skip right away. */
    if ( !livepatch_work.do_work )
    {
        per_cpu(work_to_do, cpu) = 0;
        return;
    }

    ASSERT(local_irq_is_enabled());

    /* Set at -1, so will go up to num_online_cpus - 1. */
    if ( atomic_inc_and_test(&livepatch_work.semaphore) )
    {
        struct payload *p;
        unsigned int cpus, i;
        bool action_done = false;

        p = livepatch_work.data;
        if ( !get_cpu_maps() )
        {
            printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: CPU%u - unable to get cpu_maps lock!\n",
                   p->name, cpu);
            per_cpu(work_to_do, cpu) = 0;
            livepatch_work.data->rc = -EBUSY;
            smp_wmb();
            livepatch_work.do_work = 0;
            /*
             * Do NOT decrement livepatch_work.semaphore down - as that may cause
             * the other CPU (which may be at this point ready to increment it)
             * to assume the role of master and then needlessly time out
             * out (as do_work is zero).
             */
            return;
        }
        /* "Mask" NMIs. */
        arch_livepatch_mask();

        barrier(); /* MUST do it after get_cpu_maps. */
        cpus = num_online_cpus() - 1;

        if ( cpus )
        {
            dprintk(XENLOG_DEBUG, LIVEPATCH "%s: CPU%u - IPIing the other %u CPUs\n",
                    p->name, cpu, cpus);
            for_each_online_cpu ( i )
                if ( i != cpu )
                    tasklet_schedule_on_cpu(&per_cpu(livepatch_tasklet, i), i);
        }

        timeout = livepatch_work.timeout + NOW();
        if ( livepatch_spin(&livepatch_work.semaphore, timeout, cpus, "CPU") )
            goto abort;

        /* All CPUs are waiting, now signal to disable IRQs. */
        atomic_set(&livepatch_work.semaphore, 0);
        /*
         * MUST have a barrier after semaphore so that the other CPUs don't
         * leak out of the 'Wait for all CPUs to rendezvous' loop and increment
         * 'semaphore' before we set it to zero.
         */
        smp_wmb();
        livepatch_work.ready = 1;

        if ( !livepatch_spin(&livepatch_work.semaphore, timeout, cpus, "IRQ") )
        {
            local_irq_save(flags);
            /* Do the patching. */
            livepatch_do_action();
            /* Serialize and flush out the CPU via CPUID instruction (on x86). */
            arch_livepatch_post_action();
            action_done = true;
            local_irq_restore(flags);
        }

 abort:
        arch_livepatch_unmask();

        per_cpu(work_to_do, cpu) = 0;
        livepatch_work.do_work = 0;

        /* put_cpu_maps has an barrier(). */
        put_cpu_maps();

        if ( action_done )
        {
            switch ( livepatch_work.cmd )
            {
            case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REVERT:
                if ( is_hook_enabled(p->hooks.revert.post) )
                {
                    printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling post-revert hook function with rc=%d\n",
                           p->name, p->rc);

                    (*p->hooks.revert.post)(p);
                }
                break;

            case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_APPLY:
                if ( is_hook_enabled(p->hooks.apply.post) )
                {
                    printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling post-apply hook function with rc=%d\n",
                           p->name, p->rc);

                    (*p->hooks.apply.post)(p);
                }
                break;

            case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REPLACE:
                if ( has_payload_any_vetoing_hooks(p) )
                {
                    /* It should be impossible to get here since livepatch_action() guards against that. */
                    panic(LIVEPATCH "%s: REPLACE action is not supported on livepatches with vetoing hooks!\n",
                            p->name);
                    ASSERT_UNREACHABLE();
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s finished %s with rc=%d\n",
               p->name, names[livepatch_work.cmd], p->rc);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Wait for all CPUs to rendezvous. */
        while ( livepatch_work.do_work && !livepatch_work.ready )
            cpu_relax();

        /* Disable IRQs and signal. */
        local_irq_save(flags);
        /*
         * We re-use the sempahore, so MUST have it reset by master before
         * we exit the loop above.
         */
        atomic_inc(&livepatch_work.semaphore);

        /* Wait for patching to complete. */
        while ( livepatch_work.do_work )
            cpu_relax();

        /* To flush out pipeline. */
        arch_livepatch_post_action();
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        per_cpu(work_to_do, cpu) = 0;
    }
}

void check_for_livepatch_work(void)
{
    unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();

    /* Fast path: no work to do. */
    if ( likely(!per_cpu(work_to_do, cpu)) )
        return;

    do_livepatch_work();
}

/*
 * Only allow dependent payload is applied on top of the correct
 * build-id.
 *
 * This enforces an stacking order - the first payload MUST be against the
 * hypervisor. The second against the first payload, and so on.
 *
 * Unless the 'internal' parameter is used - in which case we only
 * check against the hypervisor.
 */
static int build_id_dep(struct payload *payload, bool internal)
{
    const void *id = NULL;
    unsigned int len = 0;
    const char *name = "hypervisor";

    ASSERT(payload->dep.len && payload->dep.p);

    /* First time user is against hypervisor. */
    if ( internal )
    {
        id = xen_build_id;
        len = xen_build_id_len;
        if ( !len )
            return -ENODATA;
    }
    else
    {
        /* We should be against the last applied one. */
        const struct payload *data;

        data = list_last_entry(&applied_list, struct payload, applied_list);

        id = data->id.p;
        len = data->id.len;
        name = data->name;
    }

    if ( payload->dep.len != len ||
         memcmp(id, payload->dep.p, len) )
    {
        printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: check against %s build-id failed\n",
               payload->name, name);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int livepatch_action(struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_action *action)
{
    struct payload *data;
    char n[XEN_LIVEPATCH_NAME_SIZE];
    int rc;

    if ( action->pad )
        return -EINVAL;

    rc = get_name(&action->name, n);
    if ( rc )
        return rc;

    spin_lock(&payload_lock);

    data = find_payload(n);
    if ( IS_ERR_OR_NULL(data) )
    {
        spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

        if ( !data )
            return -ENOENT;

        return PTR_ERR(data);
    }

    if ( is_work_scheduled(data) )
    {
        rc = -EBUSY;
        goto out;
    }

    switch ( action->cmd )
    {
    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_UNLOAD:
        if ( data->state == LIVEPATCH_STATE_CHECKED )
        {
            free_payload(data);
            /* No touching 'data' from here on! */
            data = NULL;
        }
        else
            rc = -EINVAL;
        break;

    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REVERT:
        if ( data->state == LIVEPATCH_STATE_APPLIED )
        {
            const struct payload *p;

            p = list_last_entry(&applied_list, struct payload, applied_list);
            ASSERT(p);
            /* We should be the last applied one. */
            if ( p != data )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: can't unload. Top is %s\n",
                       data->name, p->name);
                rc = -EBUSY;
                break;
            }

            if ( is_hook_enabled(data->hooks.revert.pre) )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling pre-revert hook function\n", data->name);

                rc = (*data->hooks.revert.pre)(data);
                if ( rc )
                {
                    printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: pre-revert hook failed (rc=%d), aborting!\n",
                           data->name, rc);
                    data->rc = rc;
                    break;
                }
            }

            data->rc = -EAGAIN;
            rc = schedule_work(data, action->cmd, action->timeout);
        }
        break;

    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_APPLY:
        if ( data->state == LIVEPATCH_STATE_CHECKED )
        {
            /*
             * It is unsafe to apply an reverted payload as the .data (or .bss)
             * may not be in in pristine condition. Hence MUST unload and then
             * apply patch again. Unless the payload has only one
             * RW section (.livepatch.funcs).
             */
            if ( data->reverted && !data->safe_to_reapply )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: can't revert as payload has .data. Please unload\n",
                       data->name);
                data->rc = -EINVAL;
                break;
            }

            /*
             * Check if action is issued with nodeps flags to ignore module
             * stack dependencies.
             */
            if ( !(action->flags & LIVEPATCH_ACTION_APPLY_NODEPS) )
            {
                rc = build_id_dep(data, !!list_empty(&applied_list));
                if ( rc )
                    break;
            }

            /* Make sure all expectation requirements are met. */
            rc = livepatch_check_expectations(data);
            if ( rc )
                break;

            if ( is_hook_enabled(data->hooks.apply.pre) )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_INFO LIVEPATCH "%s: Calling pre-apply hook function\n", data->name);

                rc = (*data->hooks.apply.pre)(data);
                if ( rc )
                {
                    printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: pre-apply hook failed (rc=%d), aborting!\n",
                           data->name, rc);
                    data->rc = rc;
                    break;
                }
            }

            data->rc = -EAGAIN;
            rc = schedule_work(data, action->cmd, action->timeout);
        }
        break;

    case LIVEPATCH_ACTION_REPLACE:
        if ( data->state == LIVEPATCH_STATE_CHECKED )
        {
            rc = build_id_dep(data, 1 /* against hypervisor. */);
            if ( rc )
                break;

            /*
             * REPLACE action is not supported on livepatches with vetoing hooks.
             * Vetoing hooks usually perform mutating actions on the system and
             * typically exist in pairs (pre- hook doing an action and post- hook
             * undoing the action). Coalescing all hooks from all applied modules
             * cannot be performed without inspecting potential dependencies between
             * the mutating hooks and hence cannot be performed automatically by
             * the replace action. Also, the replace action cannot safely assume a
             * successful revert of all the module with vetoing hooks. When one
             * of the hooks fails due to not meeting certain conditions the whole
             * replace operation must have been reverted with all previous pre- and
             * post- hooks re-executed (which cannot be guaranteed to succeed).
             * The simplest response to this complication is disallow replace
             * action on modules with vetoing hooks.
             */
            if ( has_payload_any_vetoing_hooks(data) || livepatch_applied_have_vetoing_hooks() )
            {
                printk(XENLOG_ERR LIVEPATCH "%s: REPLACE action is not supported on livepatches with vetoing hooks!\n",
                       data->name);
                rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
                break;
            }

            data->rc = -EAGAIN;
            rc = schedule_work(data, action->cmd, action->timeout);
        }
        break;

    default:
        rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        break;
    }

 out:
    spin_unlock(&payload_lock);

    return rc;
}

int livepatch_op(struct xen_sysctl_livepatch_op *op)
{
    int rc;

    if ( (op->flags & ~LIVEPATCH_FLAGS_MASK) &&
         !(op->flags & LIVEPATCH_FLAG_FORCE) )
        return -EINVAL;

    switch ( op->cmd )
    {
    case XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_UPLOAD:
        rc = livepatch_upload(&op->u.upload);
        break;

    case XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_GET:
        rc = livepatch_get(&op->u.get);
        break;

    case XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_LIST:
        rc = livepatch_list(&op->u.list);
        break;

    case XEN_SYSCTL_LIVEPATCH_ACTION:
        rc = livepatch_action(&op->u.action);
        break;

    default:
        rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
        break;
   }

    return rc;
}

static const char *state2str(unsigned int state)
{
#define STATE(x) [LIVEPATCH_STATE_##x] = #x
    static const char *const names[] = {
            STATE(CHECKED),
            STATE(APPLIED),
    };
#undef STATE

    if ( state >= ARRAY_SIZE(names) || !names[state] )
        return "unknown";

    return names[state];
}

static void cf_check livepatch_printall(unsigned char key)
{
    struct payload *data;
    unsigned int i;

    printk("'%c' pressed - Dumping all livepatch patches\n", key);

    if ( xen_build_id_len )
        printk("build-id: %*phN\n", xen_build_id_len, xen_build_id);

    if ( !spin_trylock(&payload_lock) )
    {
        printk("Lock held. Try again.\n");
        return;
    }

    list_for_each_entry ( data, &payload_list, list )
    {
        printk(" name=%s state=%s(%d) %p (.data=%p, .rodata=%p) using %u pages.\n",
               data->name, state2str(data->state), data->state, data->text_addr,
               data->rw_addr, data->ro_addr, data->pages);

        livepatch_display_metadata(&data->metadata);

        for ( i = 0; i < data->nfuncs; i++ )
        {
            const struct livepatch_func *f = &(data->funcs[i]);

            printk("    %s patch %p(%u) with %p (%u)\n",
                   f->name, f->old_addr, f->old_size, f->new_addr, f->new_size);

            if ( i && !(i % 64) )
            {
                spin_unlock(&payload_lock);
                process_pending_softirqs();
                if ( !spin_trylock(&payload_lock) )
                {
                    printk("Couldn't reacquire lock. Try again.\n");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        if ( data->id.len )
            printk("build-id=%*phN\n", data->id.len, data->id.p);

        if ( data->dep.len )
            printk("depend-on=%*phN\n", data->dep.len, data->dep.p);
    }

    spin_unlock(&payload_lock);
}

static int cf_check cpu_callback(
    struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
    unsigned int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;

    if ( action == CPU_UP_PREPARE )
        tasklet_init(&per_cpu(livepatch_tasklet, cpu), tasklet_fn, NULL);

    return NOTIFY_DONE;
}

static struct notifier_block cpu_nfb = {
    .notifier_call = cpu_callback
};

static int __init cf_check livepatch_init(void)
{
    unsigned int cpu;

    for_each_online_cpu ( cpu )
    {
        void *hcpu = (void *)(long)cpu;

        cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_UP_PREPARE, hcpu);
    }

    register_cpu_notifier(&cpu_nfb);

    register_keyhandler('x', livepatch_printall, "print livepatch info", 1);

    arch_livepatch_init();
    return 0;
}
__initcall(livepatch_init);

/*
 * Local variables:
 * mode: C
 * c-file-style: "BSD"
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * tab-width: 4
 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
 * End:
 */
